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How does one get the solution to the differential equation for SHM?

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I understand the derivation for the simple harmonic motion equation:

F = -kx ( in a 1-D case)

acceleration = x''(t) = (-k/m)x

so x''(t) + (k/m)x = 0

But why is the solution to this equation

x = A cos (wt + ∅ )

How does one come up with this solution? I tried understanding this by reading my textbook however I get very confused. Any help is appreciated. Thank you.

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